Prema istraživanjima, biotin je netoksičan vitamin, uziman oralno ili intravenozno. Provedeno je istraživanje o mogućem toksičnom učinku biotina u oboljelih od nasljednih poremećaja metabolizma ovog vitamina. Oboljeli su uzimali oralne doze biotina od 200 mg dnevno kroz period od 6 mjeseci i nije zabilježena toksičnost biotina. Također se intravenozne doze između 10 i 20 mg kroz period od 6 mjeseci nisu pokazale toksičnima. U ljudi bez poremećaja metabolizma biotina doze od 5 mg dnevno kroz period od 2 godine se nisu pokazale toksičnima. Biotin se nije pokazao toksičan ni u slučaju davanja istog dojenčadi u obliku injekcija, u dozama do 10 mg kroz period od 6 mjeseci. Također, biotin nije pokazao toksičnost u trudnica koje su oralno uzimale ovaj vitamin u dozi od 10 mg tijekom trećeg tromjesečja trudnoće, zbog rizika da nose fetus s nedostatkom holokarboksilaze sintetaze. Razna istraživanja su pokazala da biotin nije toksilčan u dnevnim dozama od 9 mg kroz period od 4 godine, 10 mg kroz period od 15 dana, 4 mg kroz period od 3 tjedna te 2,5 mg uziman 6 do 15 mjeseci. Biotin se koristi u prepratima za kosu i kožu, s koncentracijama od 0.0001 % do 0.6 %, koje ne pokazuju toksičnost niti ikakve nuspojave.[1-8]
Međutim, zabilježen je jedan slučaj koji pokazuje da kombinacija 10 mg biotina i 300 mg pantotenske kiseline (vitamin B5) dnevno kroz period od 2 mjeseca može uzrokovati eozinofilni pleuroperikardijalni izljev (nakupljanje tekućine oko srca i pluća). Poznato je da neki lijekovi mogu uzrokovati ovo stanje, kao što su cefalosporini, dantrolen, propiltiouracil i nitrofurantoin, ali je mehanizam djelovanja vitamina H i B5 u patologiji ovog stanja nepoznat. Ova neželjena komplikacija je primijećena u 76-ogodišnje žene te je dosada jedini poznati slučaj, a stanje oboljele se poboljšalo prestankom uzimanja tih vitamina. Autori naglašavaju da su hitno potrebna daljnja istraživanja povezanosti vitamina H i B5 s eozinofilnim pleuroperikardijalnim izljevom.[9]
Pojedinačno i dugotrajno uzimanje bilo kojeg vitamina B skupine narušava ravnotežu ostalih vitamina B skupine. Stoga se općenito ne preporuča uzimati pojedinačne vitamine B skupine, već sve vitamine te skupine.[2-4]
1. Friedrich, W. (1988) Vitamins, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
2. McDowell, L.R. (2000) Vitamins in animal and human nutrition, Iowa State University Press, Iowa.
3. Bender, D.A. (2003) Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Zempleni, J., Rucker, R.B., McCormick, D.B., Suttie, J.W. (2007) Handbook of vitamins, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton.
5. Combs, G.F. (2008) The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health, Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington.
6. Grooper, S.S., Smith, J.L., Groff, J.L. (2009) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont.
7. Mock, D., Henrich, C., Carnell, N., Mock, N., Swift, L. (2002) Lymphocyte propionyl-CoA carboxylase and accumulation of odd-chain fatty acid in plasma and erythrocytes are useful indicators of marginal biotin deficiency small star, filled. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13, 462.
8. Durance, T. D., Wong, N. S. (1992) Kinetics of thermal inactivation of avidin. Food Res. Inter. 25, 89–92.
9. Livnah, O., Bayer, E.A., Wilchek, M., Sussman, J.L. (1993) Three-dimensional structures of avidin and the avidin-biotin complex. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 90, 5076–5080.
10. Baumgartner, E.R., Suormala, T. (1999) Inherited defects of biotin metabolism. Biofactors. 10, 287-290.
11. Baumgartner, E.R., Suormala, T. (1997) Multiple carboxylase deficiency: inherited and acquired disorders of biotin metabolism. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 67, 377-384.
12. Zempleni, J., Hassan, Y.I., Wijeratne, S.S.K. (2008) Biotin and biotinidase deficiency. Exp. Rev. Endocrinol. Metab. 3, 715–724.
13. Mock, D.M., Stadler, D., Stratton, S., Mock, N.I. (1997) Biotin status assessed longitudinally in pregnant women. J. Nutr.127, 710–716.
14. Mock, D.M. (2009) Marginal biotin deficiency is common in normal human pregnancy and is highly teratogenic in mice. J. Nutr. 139, 154-157.
15. Mock, D.M., Quirk, J.G., Mock, N.I. (2002) Marginal biotin deficiency during normal pregnancy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75, 295-299.
16. Pabuccuoglu, A., Aydogdu, S., Bas, M. (2002) Serum biotinidase activity in children with chronic liver disease and its clinical significance. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 34, 59-62.
17. Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. (2002) Revised review of biotin. Online: http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/biotin.pdf
1. Friedrich, W. (1988) Vitamins, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
2. McDowell, L.R. (2000) Vitamins in animal and human nutrition, Iowa State University Press, Iowa.
3. Bender, D.A. (2003) Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Zempleni, J., Rucker, R.B., McCormick, D.B., Suttie, J.W. (2007) Handbook of vitamins, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton.
5. Combs, G.F. (2008) The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health, Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington.
6. Grooper, S.S., Smith, J.L., Groff, J.L. (2009) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont.
7. Mock, D., Henrich, C., Carnell, N., Mock, N., Swift, L. (2002) Lymphocyte propionyl-CoA carboxylase and accumulation of odd-chain fatty acid in plasma and erythrocytes are useful indicators of marginal biotin deficiency small star, filled. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13, 462.
8. Durance, T. D., Wong, N. S. (1992) Kinetics of thermal inactivation of avidin. Food Res. Inter. 25, 89–92.
9. Livnah, O., Bayer, E.A., Wilchek, M., Sussman, J.L. (1993) Three-dimensional structures of avidin and the avidin-biotin complex. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 90, 5076–5080.
10. Baumgartner, E.R., Suormala, T. (1999) Inherited defects of biotin metabolism. Biofactors. 10, 287-290.
11. Baumgartner, E.R., Suormala, T. (1997) Multiple carboxylase deficiency: inherited and acquired disorders of biotin metabolism. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 67, 377-384.
12. Zempleni, J., Hassan, Y.I., Wijeratne, S.S.K. (2008) Biotin and biotinidase deficiency. Exp. Rev. Endocrinol. Metab. 3, 715–724.
13. Mock, D.M., Stadler, D., Stratton, S., Mock, N.I. (1997) Biotin status assessed longitudinally in pregnant women. J. Nutr.127, 710–716.
14. Mock, D.M. (2009) Marginal biotin deficiency is common in normal human pregnancy and is highly teratogenic in mice. J. Nutr. 139, 154-157.
15. Mock, D.M., Quirk, J.G., Mock, N.I. (2002) Marginal biotin deficiency during normal pregnancy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75, 295-299.
16. Pabuccuoglu, A., Aydogdu, S., Bas, M. (2002) Serum biotinidase activity in children with chronic liver disease and its clinical significance. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 34, 59-62.
17. Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. (2002) Revised review of biotin. Online: http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/biotin.pdf